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61.
FANG Qingsong BAI Wenji YANG Jingsu RONG He SHI Nicheng LI Guowu XIONG Ming MA Zhesheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(5):1275-1280
We describe the new mineral species titanium,ideally Ti,found in the podiform chromitites of the Luobusha ophiolite in Tibet,People’s Republic of China.The irregular crystals range from 0.1 to 0.6 mm in diameter and form an intergrowth with coesite and kyanite.Titanium is silver grey in colour,the luster is metallic,it is opaque,the streak is grayish black,and it is non-fluorescent.The mineral is malleable,has a rough to hackly fracture and has no apparent cleavage.The estimated Mohs hardness is 4,and the calculated density is 4.503 g/cm3.The composition is Ti 99.23-100.00 wt%.The mineral is hexagonal,space group P63 /mmc.Unit-cell parameters are a 2.950(2),c 4.686(1),V 35.32(5) 3,Z = 2.The five strongest powder diffraction lines [d in(hkl)(I/I0)] are: 2.569(010)(32),2.254(011)(100),1.730(012)(16),1.478(110)(21),and 0.9464(121)(8).The species and name were approved by the CNMNC(IMA 2010–044). 相似文献
62.
José María González-Jiménez Fernando Gervilla Thomas Kerestedjian Joaquín Antonio Proenza 《Resource Geology》2010,60(4):315-334
The Dobromirtsi Ultramafic Massif, located in the Rhodope Mountains (SE Bulgaria), is a portion of a Paleozoic sub-oceanic mantle affected by polyphase regional metamorphism. This massif contains several small, podiform chromitite bodies which underwent the same metamorphic evolution as their host peridotites. Like other ophiolite chromitites, those found in Dobromirtsi carry abundant platinum-group minerals (PGM) and base-metal minerals (BMM). The PGM consist mainly of Ru-, Os-, and Ir-based PGM (laurite RuS2-erlichmanite OsS2, Os-Ru-Ir alloys, irarsite [IrAsS], Ru-rich pentlandite, and an unknown Ir-sulfide) but minor Rh- and Pd-based PGM (hollingworthite [RhAsS] and a series of unidentified stannides and sulfantimonides) are also present. In contrast, the BMM are dominated by pentlandite (Ni,Fe)9S8, followed by heazlewoodite (Ni3S2), breithauptite (NiSb), maucherite (Ni11As8), godlevskite (Ni7S6), gersdorffite (NiAsS), millerite (NiS), undetermined minerals containing Ni, As and Sb, orcelite (Ni5-XAs2), awaruite (Ni3Fe) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). The detailed study of the textural relationships, morphology and composition of the PGM and BMM inclusions indicate the existence of two different PGM-BMM assemblages: (i) a primary or magmatic; and (ii) a secondary related with postmagmatic alteration. The PGM and BMM inclusions in unaltered zones of chromite crystals (mainly laurite-erlichmanite and pentlandite) are considered to be primary magmatic minerals formed under variable temperature (1200–1100°C) and sulfur fugacity (between −2 and −0.5 log fS2). In contrast, PGM and BMM located along altered edges of chromite and serpentinised silicate matrix are considered to be secondary, formed from or re-equilibrated with altering fluids. Secondary PGM and BMM assemblages are considered as result of the combination of reducing and oxidising events related with regional metamorphism. Under low fO2 states, fS2 also drops giving place to the formation of S-poor Ni-rich sulfides and secondary Ru-alloys by desulfurisation of primary S-containing minerals. In contrast, predominance of platinum-group elements and/or base-metal arsenides and sulfarsenides associated with the altered edges of chromite (chromite strongly enriched in Fe2O3) is related with the fixing of remobilised PGE (mainly Ir, Rh and Pd) and base-metals (mainly Ni and Fe) when late oxidising fluids supplied As as well as Sb and Sn. 相似文献
63.
芬兰科密铬铁矿床是欧洲规模最大的铬铁矿床。对该矿床的地质背景、矿床特征、矿床成因及找矿标志进行了总结。结果表明,该矿床与古元古代层状超镁铁质杂岩体具有密切的时空分布关系,杂岩体内的铬铁矿床具典型的层状堆积特征,矿层延伸稳定。由于Cr/Fe值较低,该矿床矿石品位在世界同类矿床中属偏低水平。同位素年代学证据表明,其形成于古元古代早期(2.44 Ga),是由卡累利阿造山作用诱发多期次岩浆侵入活动并与新太古代基底岩层发生混染作用形成的。科密铬铁矿床属于层状铬铁矿床,其地质特征与中国目前已发现的豆荚状或似层状铬铁矿床存在一定区别。 相似文献
64.
泽当蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段,岩体由地幔橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩、辉石岩、火山岩等组成。地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和二辉橄榄岩。在方辉橄榄岩中发现7处豆荚状铬铁矿,矿石类型主要有致密块状和浸染状。出露地表的长度0.5~3m,厚0.2~1m。矿体的延伸方向为北西向,与岩体展布的方向一致,铬铁矿的Cr~#=67.9~88.5,属于高铬型铬铁矿。泽当地幔橄榄岩岩相学特征以及矿物组合、矿物化学成份及岩相学特征,显示岩体至少存在两次的部分熔融过程,即为早期的MOR构造背景,以及后期SSZ环境的改造。铬铁矿的铂族元素(PGE)以富集Os、Rh、Pd,亏损Ir、Ru、Pt的负斜率分布模式,表明其形成过程中经受后期熔体/流体的改造。对比罗布莎岩体的矿物组合,矿物化学和地球化学等特征,显示泽当豆荚状铬铁矿矿体与典型高铬型具相似性,存在较大的找矿空间。 相似文献
65.
最近在西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿中,发现包括金刚石、柯石英和某些简单氧化物,诸如SiO2、MgO、Fe2O3、Cr2O3、Al2O3以及(Si,Ti)O2等组成的矿物群。这些矿物是非常复杂的由70~80种矿物组成的地幔矿物群的一部分。这充分证实在地幔中存在简单氧化物。高压-高温相平衡实验表明,硅酸盐矿物在下地幔条件才可分解成FeO、MgO和SiO2等简单氧化物(>670km)。因此有理由认为罗布莎简单氧化物可能来自下地幔深部。 相似文献
66.
来自蛇绿岩地幔的硫（砷）化物矿物组合 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近来在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的罗布莎蛇绿岩块的地幔豆荚状铬铁矿中发现一个包括金刚石、柯石英、自然元素、合金、氧化物以及硫(砷)化物组成的地幔矿物群。该矿物群的硫(砷)化物具有特殊化学成分并呈包裹体分布在贱金属(BM)和铂族元素(PGE)或它们的合金中,大量化学成分分析得知它们主要由下列元素组成:S、As、Te、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Pt、Pd、Ru、Rh、Os、Ir、Mn和Ti。根据化学成分可辨别出约30种硫(砷)化物矿物:FeS、NiS、(Ni,Fe)S、Fe3S2、Ni3S2、(Ru,Os,Ir)S2、Rh7As3、Rh5Ni(Cu)As4、Pd4Rh3As3、Pd8As2、Pd3TeAs、Pd7Te3、RuAs、PtAs2、Ni4Rh3As3、Rh(As,S)2、(Rh,Ir)(As,S)2、Ir(As,S)2、MnS、Ti7S3、Ti7N3、Rh3.5Se3.5CuS2、RhS、Ir2S3、(Ir,Cu)2、S3(Co,Ni,Fe)2(As,S)3、(Ir,Pt)(As,S)2、Ru3(As,S)7以及(BM)x(PGE)yS10-(x y)等,其中包括已定名和未定名的矿物。由于矿物粒度小(<25μm),缺乏X射线分析资料,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
67.
蛇绿岩地幔岩中自由SiO2的发现及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自由SiO_2系指石英及其同质多型物(polymorphs)柯石英、斯石英等。石英广泛分布于地壳中的各种岩石中,柯石英和斯石英只存在于超高压岩石和陨石坑中。由于石英和非饱和SiO_2的橄榄石不能共生,因此在地幔橄榄岩和超镁铁岩中不存在原生石英。最近笔者在西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩的地幔岩(方辉橄榄岩)的豆荚状铬铁矿中发现了自由SiO_2和柯石英相。根据高温高压相平衡实验资料,橄榄石、辉石这样的硅酸盐矿物在地幔深部的压力条件下可以分解成简单氧化物,如FeO(方铁矿)、MgO(方镁石)以及SiO_2(斯石英)等。由此推测,西藏蛇绿岩地幔岩中自由SiO_2可能是来自于下地幔的矿物,是地幔柱作用将其搬运到上地幔浅部。 相似文献
68.
蛇绿岩中的铬铁矿广泛分布在全球不同时代和地区的造山带中，是工业铬矿的重要来源。金属铬的物理化学性质决定了其耐高温、耐腐蚀和抗氧化等许多特性，是生产不锈钢等特种钢、用于军工、航天等领域的重要战略资源。尽管研究历史悠久，但许多关键的科学问题并没有解决，是地球科学研究的前沿和热点。本文简述了铬铁矿的性质，综述了全球铬铁矿资源的分布与需求现状；通过大数据分析，回顾了铬铁矿的研究历史和进展；概述了蛇绿岩铬铁矿的主要产出特征和地质背景；探讨了研究中存在的关键科学问题，包括蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿成矿母岩浆性质，成矿物质来源和聚集成矿作用以及成矿动力学背景；讨论了铬铁矿成因的不同模式以及相关的高温高压实验岩石学的研究进展；综述了蛇绿岩铬铁矿中新发现的一系列新矿物及其地质意义，提出蛇绿岩铬铁矿是研究俯冲物质深地幔循环和地球深部动力学的重要窗口等新认识。 相似文献
69.
One of the most puzzling features of the UG1 chromitite layers in the famous exposures at Dwars River, Eastern Bushveld Complex, is the bifurcation, i.e. convergence and divergence of layers along strike that isolate lenses of anorthosite. The bifurcations have been variously interpreted as resulting from: (1) the intermittent accumulation of plagioclase on the chamber floor as lenses, terminated by crystallization of continuous chromitite layers (the depositional model); (2) late-stage injections of chromite mush or chromite-saturated melt along anastomosing fractures that dismembered semi-consolidated plagioclase cumulates (the intrusive model); (3) post-depositional deformation of alternating plagioclase and chromite cumulates, resulting in local amalgamation of chromitite layers and anorthosite lenses that wedge out laterally (the deformational model). None of these hypotheses account satisfactorily for the following field observations: (a) wavy and scalloped contacts between anorthosite and chromitite layers; (b) abrupt lateral terminations of thin anorthosite layers within chromitite; (c) in situ anorthosite inclusions with highly irregular contacts and delicate wispy tails within chromitite; many of these inclusions are contiguous with footwall and hanging wall cumulates; (d) transported anorthosite fragments enclosed by chromitite; (e) disrupted anorthosite and chromitite layers overlain by planar chromitite; (f) protrusions of chromitite into underlying anorthosite; (g) merging of chromitite layers around anorthosite domes. We propose a novel hypothesis that envisages basal flows of new dense and superheated magma that resulted in intense thermo-chemical erosion of the temporary floor of the chamber. The melting and dissolution of anorthosite was patchy and commonly inhibited by chromitite layers, resulting in lens-like remnants of anorthosite resting on continuous layers of chromitite. On cooling, the magma crystallized chromite on the irregular chamber floor, draping the remnants of anorthosite and merging with pre-existing chromitite layers excavated by erosion. With further cooling, the magma crystallized chromite-bearing anorthosite. Emplacement of multiple pulses of magma led to repetition of this sequence of events, resulting in a complex package of anorthosite lenses and bifurcating chromitite layers. This hypothesis is the most satisfactory explanation for most of the features of this enigmatic igneous layering in the Bushveld Complex. 相似文献
70.
High-Al chromite from the Kudi chromitites contains a wide range of mineral inclusions. They include clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, olivine, orthopyroxene, apatite, base-metal sulfides, calcite and brucite. The modal abundance of inclusions vary greatly among different grains of chromite. The common inclusions are clinopyroxene and amphibole, which occur as monomineral or polymineral associated with other minerals. The shapes of these inclusions tend to follow the growth plane of host chromite. Mineral assemblages and textures demonstrate that some inclusions(olivine, clinopyroxene) are trapped during magmatic stage, and most of the inclusions(e.g., amphibole, phlogopite) are trapped during recrystallization of chromite. Sulfide inclusions are pentlandite, chalcopyrite and cubanite. They occur either as isolated grains or together with silicate minerals, and formed from the separation of sulfide-bearing liquid from silicate magma. The parental magma of chromitites contains Al_2O_3 15.0wt%–16.5wt%, TiO_20.30wt%–1.05wt% based on calculation with the composition of chromite, similar to parental magma of high-Al chromitites from elsewhere and the estimated melt composition is comparable with that of MORB. Considering the high-Mg olivine in disseminated chromitite and abundant hydrous inclusions, we propose that Kudi chromitites formed beneath a volcanic front during the subduction initiation of Proto-Tethys. 相似文献